Personal Narrative My Knit Family - 897 Words

We were all gathered in the living room a family friend’s home. I felt tension in the air. My aunt sat in the big chair by the window, while everyone else sat around her. My mom had been a nurse practitioner for quite some time now. She was like the ringleader of the situation, while everyone else just listened to what she had to say. She sat on the ground in front of my Titi Betty, and examined her big, jiggly belly. There was a big huge opening on her stomach. It was disgusting. Titi Betty, which was also my aunt was a very stubborn person. Everyone interrogated her about going to the doctor . Over the next couple of weeks, we dealt with appointments day after day. I didn’t realize how sick†¦show more content†¦Over the next few days, more and more family members showed up from around the city, and out of state. The days started to get less enjoyable, everyone sat around mourning over the situation. The happy child I am, I always tried to cheer everyone up. I stayed with my older cousin Becky most of the time, I always enjoy myself with her. On the night of May 18th, 2010 was the night I’ll never forget. Everyone that wasn’t immediate family, was asked to leave the hospital. The hospital was so quiet, you could hear a pin drop. I sat in the room with my cousin Becky, while my Titi Betty peacefully laid in the hospital bed. We sat there discussing all of our favorite memories we shared with our beloved Titi Betty. â€Å"I’m going to play music for her,† I said as I put the earbuds in my titi betty’s ears. â€Å"Thats a good idea, play some salsa music!† I sat there looking at her waiting for a reaction, hoping that she would magically wake up. Nothing happened. I finally grew tired and walked to the hospital lobby, and fell asleep. Why is my mom waking me up so early? I rolled over to look at her. I knew something bad was going to happen, considering my family and I stayed at the hospital for almost a week straight. I just didn’t think it would happen so soon. Did the worst day finally come? I got up, and looked at my mom. The lights wereShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Beauty of the Lack of Structure in My Antonia1587 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to James E. Miller Jr.s, My Antonia; A Frontier Drama of Time, Willa Cathers novel, one of her most important and perhaps most popular works, is defective in structure (Bloom, 21).   He quotes E. K. Brown, who defends that: Everything in the book is there to convey a feeling, not to tell a story, not to establish a social philosophy, not even to animate a group of characters (21).   The reader undoubtedly feels the impact of the story of Antonia and Jim as Cather intended,Read MoreThe Spirit catches You1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Hmong cu lture was significantly influenced by the fact that their history of non-stop aggression and need to be independent. 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The Value of Online Learning - 1019 Words

The Value of Online Learning The nursing profession today is increasingly seeing staffing shortages. Online learning and distance education is a way that colleges have tried to fix the problem. The online programs available today offer working adults the opportunity to advance their degree while still maintaining their current job. The value of online education has increased amongst nurses who want to advance their profession that is constantly moving towards advanced technologies. One of the main reasons why there is a nursing shortage is from the lack of nursing faculty to teach the students. The labor bureau estimated that there will be a need for 580,000 nurses by 2018 due to nurses retiring (AACN, 2010). Colleges are working hard†¦show more content†¦Employers have noticed that higher educated nurses make less medication errors, and they are better at using their critical thinking skills. Employers are now offering to pay for higher education with a scholarship contract or tuition reimbursement. Nurses value online learning because it can offer them a fast and carefree way to become more valuable in their employers eyes. Online education is something that needs to be valued by people. Education has made great strides in the ever changing quest of trying to get everyone educated. Online or distance learning helps people go back to school or start to school when that may have never been possible in a traditional classroom. Nurses see the value in having a fast and easy education environment in the online learning community. Their value is placed in online education because it helps them to maintain their current full time job and keep their home life in order. References Ainsley, B., Brown, A. (2009). The Impact of Informatics on Nursing Education: A Review of the Literature. 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Zara Case Study Free Essays

Despite the current centralized distribution model working well and at below capacity, continuous rapid expansion outside of Spain for Inedited brands (exhibit 8) would bring problems of; larger amalgamation of dispersed network pictures, rater demand and customization for Ezra offerings from consumers. This would further bring the effects of discomposes of scale; increased transportation costs, top heavy Organization, potentially exceeding working capacity, increased risk if central distribution centre fails. No standardized market position – Sara’s expansion approach have led them to be positioned differently in each geographical market despite targeting the same consumer segment, Ezra currently use company-centered knowledge to determine price and positioning strategies for different geographical segments. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has caused inconsistent consumer perception of their brand e. . Americas and Spain. Being in a globalizes marketplace, this poses a problem to the global perception and position of the Ezra brand. Competitive Environment -? Ezra is competing in a competitive market where the competition are seeing similar growth in stock prices and revenue (Exhibit 3, Exhibit 5). Competitors such as have already achieved similar competencies to Ezra in terms of variety and stock refresh, and have obtained more advanced competencies such as localization of distribution centers, reducing the competitive advantage that Ezra has in terms of flexibility in their products array and enabling the threat f substitution. Other competitors such as Unique have further gained competitive advantage by differentiating themselves in the saturated market of fast retailing by using an undifferentiated marketing approach targeting a larger customer base, leading to a revenue growth rate greater than Ezra from 2009-2010 (Exhibit 5). Potential Solutions A potential solution for Ezra is the possibility of forming a joint-venture distribution centre in China as a precursor for localization of design and production in Asia. This joint-venture promotes multilateral exchanges with other economic actors within the network. Helping Ezra maintain a competitive advantage over competition by allowing for Ezra to assess their ‘STEP based on network insight to better standardize their market positioning. However, internal clashes can arise from a shift from a centralized to decentralized distribution business model. Also both organization can clash due to the rejection Of the partner-organization’s underlying logic, objectives and business culture. Another potential solution is for Ezra to expand their e- commerce presence in Asia and America to gain competitive advantage, such as the growing market of e-commerce in America. This allows for Ezra to extend their reach to customers, and further gives them a competitive advantage over competitors such as who have yet to setup an e- commerce presence in Asia. This would also compliment the rapid expansion into the Asia region specifically targeted at India and China. However, this method would entail higher outbound shipment costs as individual items will have to be shipped from the central distribution center in Spain to the consumer in Asia or America. This leads to another potential solution on focusing on their existing supply chain competency in Europe to further expand e-commerce presence beyond the 8 countries that use a Ezra online store. This would utilize Sara’s existing centralized supply chain in Europe to expand reach to the existing customer base. However, this would give Ezra little long term competitive advantages over competition as competitor brands can easily implement the same marketing approach. Ezra may also want to consider adopting an undifferentiated approach by expanding their basic line to further compete with a larger customer base as Unique have done with a large amount of success (exhibit 5). This solution however would to be a viable long term solution and has the possibility of affecting their overall brand perception if less fashionable items of clothing were being pushed to the consumer. Best Solution The best solution for Ezra would be to open a joint-venture distribution centre in China as a precursor to opening localized design and production facilities in Asia, this fits into Sara’s objective to expand rapidly in a very competitive landscape (Exhibit 5). This is also consistent with their joint- venture with Data group in opening up Ezra stores in India with the potential for Network Insight. The overall issue to this solution is that Ezra will need to find a partner to form a joint venture with, this may also require exchanges with local economic actors in China to gain insight. China is a rapid growing market for Ezra with 71 stores opening in 4 years and on target to becoming Sara’s 2nd largest market. Opening a distribution center in China entails the following; 1 . Network Insight for ‘STEP’ Competitive advantage – Whilst opening a distribution centre in China itself is not a major competitive competency in comparison to RM’s localized distribution centers, by operating a joint- entire in China and through the recursive exchange in the joint-venture structure along with exchanges with other economic actors, this promotes multilateral exchanges which will lead to a realistic and better understanding of the market. This can be used by Ezra to help better periodically evaluate their ‘STEP’ due to changes in consumer needs, this ensures maximized long term success and competitiveness by assessing actions against modern network insights 2. Reduced re-stock time – Currently the existing distribution model for Ezra means that they can only ship to 1 geographical region per ay. By including a distribution center in Asia, it means that stores within the growing market can be restocked much more effectively to better satisfy consumer needs 3. Allows the introduction of e-commerce in Asia -? with a distribution center in Asia, this allows for the possibility of establishing e- commerce in China ahead of Sara’s competition. This can also be used to further gather consumer insight into preferences. By operating as a joint- venture, risks will be shared with the partner organization, not only this, but resources can be shared to achieve maximum efficiency. However, by opening a distribution center in China, it will start to dissolve the existing centralized structure that Ezra has created. But to expand overseas, Ezra cannot rely on company-centered extant knowledge for expansion and understanding of new customers, as seen through their existing differentiated positioning in Americas and Spain. Ezra must start to take a more decentralized approach in terms of global expansion. The notion of decentralization may come with hesitance from Ezra stakeholders due to Bonnet’s failure with a decentralized business model, however as Ezra loud maintain and own a large stake in the joint venture, they would still maintain a large control. With greater network insight, this provides a pathway for Ezra to Open design and production facilities in Asia to improve operational efficiency in the long-term; 1 . Economies of Scale – despite the current centralized distribution model not effecting gross profit growth (exhibit 4), the rapid expansion into Asia can cause discomposes of scale through higher transportation costs. By having design and production local, this will reduce transportation costs to ship to Asian regions, this can Hereford be beneficial in further reducing Sara’s carbon footprint and improving CARS 2. Efficient Amalgamation of Consumer Feedback – With rapid expansion, there will be greater consumer feedback. By opening up design and production in China, it allows for efficient and focused amalgamation of Asian consumer perceptions through having an established network insight. This will allow both faster response time to customer feedback and potential for exchange of designs between Asian and European markets to expand Sara’s product portfolio. 3. Closer to Fabric Suppliers – Currently, Ezra arches fabric from their Hong Kong office, this office could be used to further utilize Asian suppliers to supply fabric for Asian production facilities, therefore reducing costs in importing fabric from overseas suppliers. Overall this solution aims to provide sustainability to Ezra for future growth in Asia. Application of Concepts From the available case study, we can see the 3 components of a Market; the suppliers, product and customer come into play. For suppliers, we can see that suppliers such as H and Inedited offer a large variety of product entries, whilst Fast Retailing offer product specialization and have a small reduce portfolio. However the most important component within this case is the customer aspect, due to the large influence that customers have on product portfolios of Inedited and H. Fast retailing unique has adopted an undifferentiated approach by treating consumers as a homogeneous segment. Therefore they attempt to reach a large customer base through a single marketing strategy of offering a large variety of basics in a large array of colors. This is different to the approach made by and Inedited, who utilize a differentiated marketing approach. Inedited has multiple brands such s Ezra and Berserk utilizing different Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. This similar concept is used by in which sub-brands are marketed to different segment groups. This therefore means that Inedited and H aim to have a full-market coverage by offering a wide variety of offerings to different segments. However, as Unique is the largest retailer to use a undifferentiated marketing approach, it has successfully differentiated itself from Inedited and Ezra by implementing product specialization, therefore Fast Retailing have benefited from rising revenue growth comparable to H and Inedited (Exhibit 5). How to cite Zara Case Study, Free Case study samples

Florist Window Display-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.What are the type of display. 2.What is the purpose of the Window Display. Is it to promote a product, event, day or season? To sell a lifestyle, product or service? 3.Discuss on the elements and Principles of display and how they have been applied in the Window Display. Answers: Types of Display 1.Type of Display Open window: There is no glass panel in front or solid wall at the back of the display The display is enclosed with a large glass in front and an opaque wall behind. The purpose of Window Display This display aims to promote the products of the seller. Elements and Principles of Display. Attractive: The display looks attractive and appealing to the ladies to purchase the dresses. A good window display should capture the attention of the target clients(Alqui, 2013). Appropriate: The display is appropriate and therefore, it attracts customers instead of disappointing them. The variety of the colors used in the display makes the display more attractive(Stovall Construction Inc, 2015). Neat: The above display is neat and clean. The neatness of the display is met by both the aspects of cleanliness and arrangement(Lawrence, 2016). Adapting similar display at my workplace I will adapt this frost window display at my workplace by displaying variety of flowers on the front view of the store. I will arrange the flowers based on the color and sizes to ensure that they capture the attention of many customers as possible. Props and Materials used to create the display. Stands: They were used to hold the items in different positions to demonstrate to the potential customer all the products being offered. . Colors. The combination of several bright colors have been applied to make products on display attractive and visible. Potential Issues arising There is a possibility of construction problems arising. This display has consumed a lot of space that could have been used productively to stock more products. Alternatively, the available space is not enough to establish this type of display at my workplace. There is also a possibility of the display blocking other sellers stores. Two weeks maintenance required. The display at my workplace will still be new, and therefore it may be difficult to establish the appropriate display. Therefore, the crucial maintenance during this period will be focused on changing colors, arrangement and the type of products displayed to determine the style that looks more attractive to the customers. The style that seems to attract more clients during this period of two weeks will be selected as the right window display. Window Display 2 2.Type of Display. Open Window: There is no glass panel in front or solid wall at the back of the display. The purpose of Window Display. This display can serve two purposes. First, promotion. The display woos customers to purchase the products. Secondly, it can serve as an event display. For example, a birthday event arrangement can adopt this concept. 3.Elements and Principles of the Display. Attractive: This display is attractive in the sense that it is well balanced and it has applied a variety of items, proportion, and harmony. Besides, the colors used in the display looks more attractive and appealing to the customers. Memorable: The attractiveness of this display can make it memorable to the viewers to the point of sharing its attractiveness with their friends. The theme of the display has combined both art and design and can deliver a message to all viewers. Additionally, if this display is used for an event like a birthday, it will be more memorable. Appropriate: Materials, props, and color that have been used in the display to capture the attention of the customers. This makes the display suitable for its intended purpose(Kennedy Parsons, 2016). Neat: This display has both the elements of cleanliness and neatness. Neatness has been achieved through the well-organized arrangement of all the items on display. On the other hand, despite the window display being the opened one, the aspect of cleanliness has been well observed(Burns, 2010). How to adapt this concept to my workplace Concerning the type of the jewelry products, we are selling at our store it may be difficult to use the same arrangement. However, applying this concept I can arrange jewelries in stands as displayed on this window. Props and Materials required to create the window display At my workplace, I will require jewelry stand. Additionally, painting different attractive colors on the surroundings will be appropriate to increase the visibility all items. Potential Issues arising The big problem that can accrue to this window display is a logistical issue. The arrangement of the products and the same time ensure their accessibility by the customers may be the challenge. This because while the customers are entering the store may block the display. Two Weeks Maintenance required. Maintenance in the first two weeks will focus largely on seeking for the appropriate arrangement. This will include placing different types of the jewelries base on the color and size on the stand and changing the location of the stand. The more appropriate arrangement will then be adopted. References Alqui, J. (2013, September 7). Five Principles of an Effective Window Display. Retrieved from CreativityWindow: https://creativitywindow.com/2012/01/5-principles-of-an-effective-window-display Burns, L. D. (2010). The Effects of Window Display Setting and Background Music on Consumers' Mental Imagery, Arousal Response, Attitude, and Approach-Avoidance Behaviors. Oregon: Oregon State University. Kennedy, A.-M., Parsons, A. (2016). Store Front Window Displays over Time and their Teachings. Auckland: Auckland University of Technology. Lawrence, S. (2016, June 7). Elements and Principles of Design for Visual Merchandising. Retrieved from https://www.vmplus.com.au/elements-and-principles-of-design-for-visual-merchandising/ Stovall Construction Inc. (2015, June 19). Common Types of Windows Used in Retail Store Construction. Retrieved from Stovall Construction Inc: https://www.stovallconstructioninc.com/news/common-types-of-windows-used-in-retail-store-construction/#sthash.wlgzmg6o.dpbs

Animals in Medical Testing essays

Animals in Medical Testing essays The use of animals in research has been key in the development of drugs and treatments, for human and animal illnesses. Vivisection, which is the practice of experimenting on animals, was first utilized by the ancient Greeks who cut the throat of a pig in order to understand swallowing. To study the beating heart, they cut into a live pigs chest (altweb.htm). These ancient experiments had no intention of making the animal feel pain or suffering, but was a sacrifice of a living animal for the sake of understanding. Western civilization can attribute its accomplishments in the field of medicine to the ancient Greeks in part, for their vast knowledge in medicine, which was fueled by innovative minds who obtained knowledge of the human body by those of the animals. Since the initial discoveries in medicine made by the ancient Greeks, researchers and doctors have used animals to learn how the organs and various systems of the body work, leading to the modern sciences we understand and us e today such as physiology, pharmacology, bacteriology, and immunology. Further improvement in the health and welfare of human and animal life and development in the field of medicine requires animals to be the subjects of experiments prior to human experimentation which may result in harm. Not a single person alive has not benefited from vivisection whether it be using aspirin for a headache, toothpaste, or household products such as cleaners, laundry detergent, lotions, and body ointments. Dont you like to know that these products are safe from cancer causing chemicals or other harmful substances which are undetectable to the human eye? And what of the ones we know who live with an illness or medical condition which requires them to take a prescribed drug, dont you like to know that these people have their drugs available to them and that they will reap healthy benefits from them? Nearly 2 billion prescriptions are filled every year in the...

Sport Research Paper

Sport Research Paper Sport Research Paper Sport Research Paper: How to Write It Correctly? Are you a fan of a team or an athlete? I have to say the sport world is absolutely captivating thing. It is special emotions, when you support or empathize with your sporting favorites: the joy of win and the sorrow of defeat, the tears of euphoria and tears of soul pain, passion and aversion, fanaticism and sensible critical view on the results. The rational fanaticism stimulates people to learn the history of sport, think analytically and express the opinion argumentatively. Of course, this knowledge could be really useful during your study in the college. When you get the assignment to write a sport research paper, it would be absolutely easy to do this work correctly. I think every one should know how it works in reality. Sport Research Paper: Topic It would not be a surprise, if I say that almost the whole part of success depends on the works topic. There is a big specter of various sports research paper topics that relate to different events. It could be a research of some historical sporting development in the past, or, it could be absolutely urgent research of modern life. Anyway, it is good when your have the alternatives and you may choose the appropriate topic. Take the topic you are the most competent in. Sport Research Paper: Description It is important to follow the rules of working on a sport research paper:In the first stage of your work think up the correct thesis statement that reflects the main conception of the research and answers on the main question of the work; Start your description of the issue. Be logical, laconic and consecutive in your expression; Provide your sport research paper with strong facts and arguments. Probably, you may put the quotes of some authoritative sport coaches, pundits or important sport figures; Compare the opinions of other authors and your own thoughts; explain the differences and similarities between the ideas. Consider some real examples of sport activity that concern your topic.Sport Research Paper: ConclusionIn this part of the work you should to: conclude the main points of research paper; show the possible perspectives; show that your work is important and topical even nowadays. Anyway, do not neglect the chance to look through various informational sources that could give additional reliability to your sport research paper. As we can see, the sport life includes both a physical practice and the side of criticism and analysis.

Graffiti Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Graffiti Art - Essay Example The new investigation technique is cracking down on gangs using GIS.As graffiti become the signature move for gangs, the police department is coming up with plans to take help of this illegal act for their positive purpose of busting the gang members. Each gang maintains its unique attributes. The weapons, their purpose and their future plans, can be calculated by these paintings in the streets. The GIS system is a combination of spreadsheets and Excel documents, which allocates graffiti locations and works to help mark the range of territory of the gangs. This system efficiently helped to trace ‘F-stones’, one of the reputed gang of the country. The book â€Å"Wallbangin’: graffiti and gangs in L.A’ written by Susan A. Phillips, begins with a short story of graffiti. The art started as a form of cultural and artistic combination at art. Everyone used to adore the beauty on streets but soon the evil side of US population took it as mean to symbolize their gangs and its activities. Susan enlightens the reader about how the habitat, ethics and culture of gangs affects the way they create graffiti. The book â€Å"Wallbangin’: graffiti and gangs in L.A’ written by Susan A. Phillips, begins with a short story of graffiti. The art started as a form of cultural and artistic combination at art. Everyone used to adore the beauty on streets but soon the evil side of US population took it as mean to symbolize their gangs and its activities. Susan enlightens the reader about how the habitat affects the way they create graffiti. ... Everyone used to adore the beauty on streets but soon the evil side of US population took it as mean to symbolize their gangs and its activities. Susan enlightens the reader about how the habitat, ethics and culture of gangs affects the way they create graffiti. They used it for impolite communication with the antagonistic gangs and also as a mean to create warning signals for the civilians or the security agencies. Los Angeles, as being a populated city serves as a home for many of these gangs marked by their graffiti art. The author of the book â€Å"the graffiti subculture: youth, masculinity, and identity in London and New York’, by Nancy Macdonald, addresses the topic ‘graffiti’ with a rather socialist and psychological approach. The greed for fame, authority and power rules the mind of every man who seeks for some kind of evil. The young blood involved in the acts more often. Researchers have observed that most of the wall paintings near to colleges and uni versities seem to advertise some of the nick names of the students or expressing some emotions that are hard to express. Graffiti became a lucky medium for students until the legal or illegal debate began. Also the writer expresses grief concern for graffiti leading to masculinity, which can also be a crime. In the book ‘legal guide for the visual artist†, author Crawford educates the people about the concern of growing number of ‘graffiti’ artists throughout the world, and especially in US urban center. The US government has criminalized the graffiti art-work and any person found guilty of thrashing a person’s property is held responsible and abducted. Under the law, graffiti is termed as engraving, painting, layering, drawing upon or

Gas Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks Essay

Gas Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks - Essay Example This is essentially a tool to custom build materials for various ranges of gas adsorption requirements. Also, the new materials can adsorb gases both superficially and morphologically, which is probably why they are capable of adsorbing larger volumes of gases reversibly than any other materials available today. The specific properties that determine the functionalities of the final product are the length and functionalities of the organic units as well as the number of rings that are within these units. The metallic portions aid in the process of strengthening the bonds within the crystalline structures of the materials which are thus quite robust and can thus undergo adsorption without breaking up. The true implications of these combined functionalities of these new materials are that they can be utilized for such urgent functions as adsorbing greenhouse emission gases like carbon dioxide and energy-relevant gases like hydrogen. Two major problems that face the World community at large are - global warming and the energy crisis. The first is a phenomenon that is created by the annually increasing emission of carbon dioxide as a result of burning of fossil fuels to meet energy needs. Emission statistics shows that the volume of emission has been steadily increasing yearly since the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th century when large-scale usage of fossil fuels began to feed the energy needs of organized industry. The increasing yearly discharge of the gas from that time has upset the balance of natural composition of the atmosphere. Though carbon dioxide is being increasingly released into the atmosphere it is not being removed from it at the same rate. The result is excessive percentage of the gas in the atmosphere. Since the gas is relatively heavy it remains close to the ground acting

Challenges in College Recruiting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Challenges in College Recruiting - Essay Example This aspect at times has resulted in use of illegal methods to recruit athletes (Howard, 2010). NCAA is one of the well-organized associations, which is utilized in preparing varied types of athletic programmes for numerous colleges (Keene & Wharton, 2011). It attracts various skilled and unskilled athletes, resulting in attainment of desired success in intercollegiate athletic programs. It helps in amplification of the corporate image and identity of the college among other renowned institutions in the region. However, unfortunately, in this era of modernization, the procedure of recruitment acts as a condemnation for the young athletes, which needs to be stopped by the higher authorities (Howard, 2010). The objective of the paper is to identify and to highlight the aspect of illegal recruitment of athletes within the intercollegiate team of sports. It also includes a brief introduction about the recruitment procedures of the athletes. Moreover, it also discusses varied illegal processes of recruitment by the authorities of sports department. In addition, it also embraces the aspect of paying high salary to the high profile athletes as compared to others. Along with these, the negative impact of obtaining high compensation payers over the society is also described in this assignment. The requisite features, which can attract the best athletes into the sports college teams, resulting in augmentation of the image of the university among other reputed institutions in the region, have also been taken into consideration. In recent era of modernization and industrialization, college sports have expanded as a multi-dollar industry due to the evolution and development of a number of sports institutions. However, the illegal procedures employed in recruitment have created a huge impact over the high school athletic

Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Crystals Structure

Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Crystals Structure Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystals are widely used as the second, third and fourth harmonic generator for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers. It belongs to the tetragonal system with the space group I-42d 1. These crystals are widely used for electro-optical applications such as Q-switching for Ti–sapphire and alexandrite lasers as well as for acousto optical applications2–4. Tris(thiourea)zinc(II) sulphate (ZTS) is a semi-organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material which finds applications in the area of laser technology, optical communication, data storage technology and optical computing because it has high resistance to laser induced damage, high nonlinearity, wide transparency, low angular sensitivity and good mechanical hardness compared to many organic NLO crystals5-8. It belongs to the orthorhombic system with noncentrosymmetric space group Pca21 and point group mm2. Growth, spectral, optical and thermal studies of rare earth neodymium(III) doped ZTS9, cerium(III) doped ZTS10,11 have been reported. We have also investigated the influence of Ce(III)- doping12 effects of ADP crystals. In the present investigation, the effect of La(III)-doping on ADP and ZTS crystals has been studied using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, UV–vis, thermal and Kurtz powder SHG measurements. ADP (E. Merck) was purified by repeated recrystallization. ZTS was synthesized as reported earlier13. To avoid decomposition, low temperature ( ZnSO4 ·7H2O + 3(CS(NH2)2) à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ® Zn(CS(NH2)2)3SO4 After successive recrystallization processes, crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique (pH = 6.2). Doping of lanthanum (5 mol %) in the form of lanthanum(III)- chloride (Aldrich) was used as such in the aqueous growth medium. The crystallization took place within 10–15 days and the high quality transparent crystals were harvested from the aqueous growth medium. Best quality and highly transparent seed crystals are used in the preparation of bulk crystals. Photographs of the as-grown crystals are shown in Fig. 2.2.1. The FT-IR spectra of pure and doped crystals reveal small shifts in some of the characteristic vibrational frequencies (Table.2.3.1.1.) and it could be due to lattice strain as a result of La(III)- doping. The vibrational patterns of lanthanum doped ADP exhibit slight variations as compared with pure ADP. PO4 stretching and bending vibrations are observed at ~1100, ~910 cm-1 and ~453, ~546 cm-1 respectively. Symmetric stretching vibrations of NH4+ ion are observed in the range of ~1407 cm-1. Vibrational peak at ~1280 cm-1 corresponds to OH bending. Broad peaks observed at ~3234 cm-1, ~3120 cm-1 correspond to N–H ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·O stretching vibrations. A close observation of FT-IR spectra of pure ZTS and doped specimens also reveals that the doping results in slight shifts in some of the characteristic vibrational frequencies. It could be due to lattice strain developed as a result of doping. An absorption band in the region 2750–3400 cm-1 corresponds to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching frequencies of NH2 group of zinc(II) coordinated thiourea. The absorption band observed at ~1620 cm-1 in the spectra of pure and doped specimens corresponds to that of thiourea (~1625 cm-1)14 of about the same frequency and it can be assigned to NH2 bending vibration. The CN stretching frequencies of thiourea (1122 and 1502 cm-1) shifted to higher frequencies for pure and La(III)- doped ZTS crystals (~1128 and ~1500 cm-1). The C-S is stretching frequencies (1398 and 712 cm-1)15 are shifted to lower frequencies (~1394 and ~706 cm-1) for pure and doped samples. These observations suggest that metal coordinate with thiourea through The powder XRD patterns of La(III)-doped samples are compared with that of undoped one (Fig. 2.3.2.1). No new peaks or phases were observed by doping with inner transition metal lanthanum. However, a drastic reduction in intensity is observed as a result of doping. The most prominent peaks with maximum intensity of the XRD patterns of pure and doped specimens are quite different. The observations could be attributed to strains in the lattice. The cell parameters are determined from the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the values of pure and doped crystals are given in the Table 2.3.2.1. The ionic radius of the dopant La(III) (117 pm) is very small compared with that of NH4+ (151 pm)16. Hence, it is reasonable to believe that the dopant can enter into the ADP crystalline matrix occupying predominantly substitutional positions without causing much distortion. However, the valance of the dopant is different from the host and hence one cannot expect only the simple substitut ional occupancy leading to inhomogeneous strains in the crystal17. It is also appropriate to mention here that in the case of dopants having a dissimilar valance and size from the substituting element of the host lattice, due to expected strain, even small thermal/ mechanical fluctuations during the growth process lead to easy formation of structural defects18,19. It clearly shows that the crystal undergoes non-uniform strain in the lattice. The cell volume of the La(III)- doped ZTS crystals increased (Table. 2). It could be due to the small ionic radius of Zn2+ (88 pm) in comparison with that of La(III) (117 pm)17. This type of behavior (the unit cell volume of the doped materials not varying regularly with the ionic radius of the dopant) has been explained by the electron-doping effect counteracting the steric effect20. The concentration of absorbing species can be determined using the Kubelka-Munk equation21, The direct and indirect band gap energies obtained from the intercept of the resulting straight line with the energy axis at [F(R)hÃŽ ½]2 = 0 and [F(R)hÃŽ ½]1/2 = 0 are deduced as 5.35 eV and 5.50 eV respectively for ADP:La and 5.37 eV 5.70 eV for ZTS:La (Fig. 2.3.3.1). The effect of the influence of dopant on the surface morphology of ADP crystal faces reveals structure defect centers as seen in SEM images (Fig.2.3.4.1). A plate like morphology with a layered structure is exhibited. The incorporation of lanthanum in the ADP crystal matrix results in cluster of scatter centers and voids than those of the undoped specimen. The flower like morphology is observed in ZTS doped specimens. Pure ZTS contains small defect centers in the plate surface and incorporation of La(III) increases the surface roughness (Fig.2.3.4.1(b)). The incorporation of La(III) into the crystalline matrix was confirmed by EDS performed on ADP and ZTS (Fig.2.3.5.1). It appears that the accommodating capability of the host crystal is limited and only a small quantity is incorporated into the ADP and ZTS crystalline matrix. EDS reveals that the accommodating capability of ZTS is much better than ADP as shown in Fig.2.3.5.1(b). The amount of doping in ADP:La and ZTS:La specimens are estimated using AAS and the foreign metal ion entering into the ADP/ZTS crystal matrix is much smaller but significant. Further, the final dopant concentration within the host lattice is not proportional to the prevailing concentration of dopant in the solution at the time of the crystallization process, since the host crystal can accommodate the dopant only to a limited extent. The AAS data reveal that the La(III) ion concentration in ADP and ZTS crystalline matrix are 7.5 ppm and 11.3 ppm respectively. High incorporation of the dopant takes place in the case of lanthanide doping in ZTS compared to ADP. TG/DTA thermogram reveals the purity of the material. The thermogram curve shows a gradual mass loss and residual mass obtained at 1000 ËÅ ¡C is only 10% Fig.2.3.6.1 (a) An endothermic peak is obtained in the DTA analysis for ADP:La at a higher temperature (200ËÅ ¡C) than the pure ADP crystals (191 ËÅ ¡C). The melting point of the material was confirmed by using Sigma instruments melting point apparatus (200ËÅ ¡C). The investigation shows that there is no physically absorbed water in molecular structure of crystals grown from the solution. The simultaneous TG-DTA curves in nitrogen for ZTS and ZTS:La systems at a heating rate of 20 ËÅ ¡C/min are given in the Fig.2.3.6.1(b). The absence of water of crystallization in the molecular structure is indicated by the absence of weight loss around 100 ËÅ ¡C. The melting point of pure ZTS is 231ËÅ ¡ C. A good thermal stability of ZTS:La is observed up to ~235 ËÅ ¡C and the thermal behavior is not very much altered in the presence of the dopant. The sharp endothermic peak at 235 ËÅ ¡C is may be due to melting point. TG curves show a gradual mass loss and residual mass obtained at 1000 ËÅ ¡C is ~20 %. The sharpness of the peak shows the good degree of crystallinity of the material. No decomposition up to the melting point ensures the stability of the material for application in lasers, where the crystals are required to withstand high temperatures. In order to confirm the influence of doping on the nonlinear optical properties (NLO) of the as-grown crystals, these were subjected to SHG test. The SHG efficiency of the materials was performed by Kurtz powder SHG method22. Input radiation used is 2.5 mV/pulse. The output SHG intensities of La(III) doped ADP and ZTS specimens give relative NLO efficiencies of the measured specimens. The doubling of frequency was confirmed by the green color of the output radiation whose characteristic wavelength is 532 nm and it indicates that the doped material exhibits second order NLO effect. The efficient SHG demands specific molecular alignment of the crystal to be achieved facilitating nonlinearity in the presences of a dopant. Incorporation of La(III) into ADP and ZTS crystalline matrix also enhances the SHG efficiency (Table.2.3.7.1) and hence La(III) is a useful dopant. The efficient SHG demands specific molecular alignment of the crystal facilitating nonlinearity in the presence of dopant or it may be due to the improvement in the crystalline perfection of ADP/ZTS crystals by low level La(III)- doping. The effect of various dopants on the SHG efficiencies of ADP/ZTS has been listed in Table.2.3.7.2. The comparative SHG oscilloscope traces of the powder samples ADP:La (blue) and ZTS:La (red) are displayed in Fig. 2.3.7.1. The influence of La(III) doping on the ADP and ZTS crystal has been systematically studied. The reduction in the intensities observed in the powder XRD patterns and slight shifts in vibrational frequencies in FT-IR indicate minor structural variations in the doped materials. Morphological changes in the doped specimen are observed in the SEM micrographs. The studies indicate that the crystal undergoes lattice stress as a result of doping. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum reveals the incorporation of La(III)- into the crystalline matrix of ADP/ZTS crystals. AAS studies also confirm the above observations. It is clear that the incorporation of La(III)- is comparatively high in the case of ZTS. The thermal analysis reveals the purity of the material. Enhancement in SHG efficiency is observed in ADP/ZTS as a result of La(III)- doping became of facile charge transfer.

Curriculum Development and Change Essay -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION There seems to be a lot of controversy and uncertainty as to  ¡Ã‚ ¥what is the curriculum? ¡Ã‚ ¦ As such, there is a distributing lack of consensus on an all-embracing definition of this comprehensive concept. This is, in part, due to the various interpretations, meanings, emphasis and approaches that the scholars of curriculum studies embark upon. This, in turn, leaves the education practitioners and the general public in the dark as to what constitutes that which should be considered as  ¡Ã‚ ¥good curriculum practice ¡Ã‚ ¦ in educational institutions. This exposition seeks to highlight and evaluate the key concepts of the curriculum and some of the factors that have marked influence on curriculum planning, curriculum development and change. The impact that learning environments, learning theories, culture, ideologies and knowledge have on the curriculum will be briefly brought to the fore. 2. KEY CONCEPTS OF THE CURRICULUM The term curriculum is derived from a Latin word  ¡Ã‚ ¥curere ¡Ã‚ ¦ meaning the  ¡Ã‚ ¥racecourse ¡Ã‚ ¦. Implicit in the meaning is, as cited by Fraser, W.J. et al (1990:81). The fact that the curriculum is  ¡Ã‚ ¥a relatively fixed track or terrain (learning content) which must be covered (mastered) by the participant (learner) in order to reach the winning-post (learning result). ¡Ã‚ ¦ Based on this literal meaning, attempts to clarify what the curriculum is have led to the following definitions: „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A programme of study „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Course content „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planned learning experiences „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intended learning outcomes „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A plan for instruction According to Graham-Jolly, M. (2000:3), these definitions are narrow interpretations of the curriculum since  ¡Kthe term is often used to refer to the formal academic programme provided by a school, as reflected in subjects on the timetable,,,it might also be used to refer to a particular course of instruction or syllabus. The focus here is, in the main, on didactic activities as they occur within the classroom situation. The latest trend, however, places emphasis on a broader and more inclusive interpretation of the concept, which takes into cognisance the social, political, economic and historical contexts within which the curriculum is designed, developed and implemented. Lubisi, C et al (... ...dequately addressed in an essay of this nature. I also found out that some elements that influence the curriculum are so interrelated and it was not always easy to discuss each one separately. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REFERENCES „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fraser, WJ. (1990).  ¡Ã‚ ¥Didactics ¡Ã‚ ¦, South Africa: Butterworths „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gatawa, B.S.M. (1990)  ¡Ã‚ ¥The Politics of the Curriculum ¡Ã‚ ¦, Zimbabwe: Jongwe Press. „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Graham-Jolly, M. (200)  ¡Ã‚ ¥The Curriculum: Theory and Practice ¡Ã‚ ¦ London: Paul Chapman „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King, M. (1991)  ¡Ã‚ ¥The Politics of Curriculum, Structure and Processes ¡Ã‚ ¦, Pietermaritzburg : Centaur Publishers „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lemmer, E. (1999)  ¡Ã‚ ¥Contemporary Education ¡Ã‚ ¦ Sandton: Heinemann „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lubisi, C. et al (1998).  ¡Ã‚ ¥Thinking about Curriculum ¡Ã‚ ¦ Cape Town: Oxford University Press. „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ozmon, H.A. and Craver, S. M. (1986).  ¡Ã‚ ¥Philosophical Foundations of Education ¡Ã‚ ¦. Ohio: Merrill „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taylor, P. and Richards, C. M. (1987).  ¡Ã‚ ¥Curriculum Studies ¡Ã‚ ¦ Berkshire: Nelson

A Debate Pertaining to Illegal Immigrant Children in Public Schools

Roxie Vasquez ENG 102-2270 03/25/06 Research Paper A Debate Pertaining to Illegal Immigrant Children in Public Schools â€Å"The terms â€Å"illegal immigrant† and â€Å"illegal alien† are commonly used phrases that refer to the illegality of the action of migration without legal authorization† (wikipedia). Whether or not illegal immigrant children should be educated at the elementary, middle school, and high school levels in the U. S. , is a fiercely debated topic these days. Many debates are taking place all over the U. S. ertaining to whether or not illegal immigrant children are entitled to a free public education. One major debate taking place here in Arizona is that Governor Napolitano and â€Å"its controlled Legislature are locked in a stalemate over the teaching of the English language and how much to pay for it† (nytimes). Furthermore, illegal immigrant children should be given the chance to be educated in the U. S. and should not be banned from public schools because of their parent’s actions. Illegal immigration is a crime and sneaking into the country is in violation of the immigration law.For many illegal immigrant children, it is a tragedy to be raised here in the U. S. as an American child, to later learn that all their life-long goals and dreams they worked so hard for, aren’t realistic because of their illegal status. The illegal status of these children becomes very deceiving to them because as a young child they have no idea that they are illegal immigrants. It is even more devastating for that child (when the possibility arrives) that later in life that child might have to return to that â€Å"unknown foreign country† they were born in.Also, the American people who live in areas consumed by large amounts of immigrants are concerned about their school budget and the quality of education their child receives. To begin, one opposing argument against illegal immigrant children attending public sc hools is that it is widely believed that America cannot financially afford to educate the world’s children. Immigrant children attending public schools accounts for the dramatic increases in school enrollment, and failure to consider the capacity may have very real consequences for future public education in the U. S†¦Programs created specifically to serve students whose second language is English accounts for much of the extra costs and it is reported from Census that immigrant children accounts for such a large percentage of the school-age population. â€Å"An estimated 400,000 illegal immigrant children enter the U. S. each year and educating those children costs several states more than four billion dollars annually† (ap/online). Here in the state of Arizona, Governor Napolitano has â€Å"proposed spending $45 million a year to expand the English-language instruction in Arizona’s public schools† (nytimes).Secondly, a disagreement pertaining to il legal immigrant children attending public schools is that public schools in the U. S. are open to all children, in spite of their status and by law; it is mandatory that all children attend school. Also, the law states that each and every child, despite their legal status, is required to attend school from the age of six years to 16 years of age. The only necessary information to give in order to attend a public school is proof of residency in that district the child wishes to attend, a birth certificate, and vaccination records.In addition to laws, â€Å"Proposition 200 requires Arizonan’s to provide proof of citizenship when registering to vote and apply for public benefits† (azcentral). Because of this law, a numerous amount of Americans are appalled that an illegal immigrant child can attend free public schools without showing any proof of citizenship. In 1982, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled five to four, that undocumented immigrant children are entitled to a free p ublic education. Also, it is common knowledge that â€Å"the action of INS has no effect on rules governing school enrollment† (heraldnews).In addition, each year, thousands of women flee from their country to enter the U. S. and give birth, knowing very much that their child will automatically have U. S. citizenship. Because of this, illegal immigrant children are not to blame for their status. It is not the child’s fault that their parent brings them illegally into this country because a child has no knowledge of illegal immigration or of immigration laws. Too, most children believed to be illegal immigrants are actually U. S. -born American citizens, born to an illegal parent.It is a fact that â€Å"22 percent of all American children under the age of six have immigrant parents† (ap/online). Also, all children, regardless of their legal status have â€Å"full rights to a free public education† (weeklyreadercorp. ). Besides, all illegal immigrant childr en deserve a chance to change their situations and paths in life because â€Å"illegal immigrant children are a future part of society and are worth the same investment as an American born child† (softcom. net). Almost all of the several million illegal children that are here will be life long Americans and are likely to be productive adults if they receive support now.As these illegal immigrant children are raised as an American born child, they will grow up knowing nothing else but the American born child’s way of life. Plus, some stress that money spent on educating immigrants, both legal and illegal, will pay off in future tax revenues as they will earn higher wages. â€Å"At this point, Americans are under the false assumption that illegal immigrant children are a distant and separate population that exist apart from the rest of American society† (losangelestimes) and they are wrong: immigrant children in public schools total close to half the percentage of citizen children.Besides, it is reported that one in every five student has an immigrant parent. Moreover, â€Å"under Title 8 Section 1325 of the U. S. Code, â€Å"Improper Entry by Alien,† any citizen of any country other than the U. S. who: enters or attempts to enter the U. S. at any time or place other than as designated by immigration officers; or eludes examination or inspection by immigration officers; or attempts to enter or obtain entry to the U. S. by willfully false or misleading representation or the willful concealment of a material fact; has committed a crime† (wikipedia).Hundreds of thousands of law-breaking illegal immigrants marched in America’s streets demanding that their right to live, work, and attend free public schools in the U. S. illegally, be respected. Even though America is a nation built upon immigrants, an illegal immigrant should not get a free ride towards citizenship just because they have lived and worked and had children here for years. The U. S. Congress is preparing to reward those who have broken our laws with the most precious treasure, the opportunity to become U.S. citizens. Thus, some lawmakers have pushed for the prevention of illegal immigrant children being educated even at the youngest grade levels. As it stands now, an illegal immigrant child does not qualify for tuition benefits, but some states have passed laws allowing illegal children residency tuition benefits. Plus, the thousands of children from families of illegals who crowd school classrooms, challenges the claim that illegal workers contribute more than they consume.It reportedly costs the state of Arizona â€Å"$750 million to educate the children of illegal immigrants† (azcentral). What’s more, the â€Å"Federation for American Immigration Reform estimates that illegal immigrants cost each Arizonan almost $700† (ap/online) a year; a hidden tax that subsidizes illegal aliens and the employees who hire them. Fu rthermore, if illegal immigrant children are denied the right to a free education, they could end up being illiterate criminals who tap into social services and prison systems.The cost of incarcerating illegal immigrants in Arizona’s prisons and jails amounts to about â€Å"80 million dollars a year; not including the cost of the crime that led to their incarceration. It is far better to have these children in school rather than to have them roaming crime-ridden neighborhoods day and night† (findarticles. com). Over the past several weeks, the debate over immigration overhaul has reached a boiling point, with hundreds of thousands taking to the streets to protest tighter controls on border security.As an effect of the debate to whether or not illegal immigrants have a right to attend public schools, a majority of the illegal immigrant students have recently walked out of school to protest immigration laws. Many illegal students said they were â€Å"marching in opposit ion to a bill sponsored by Rep. F. James Sensenbrenner (R-Wis. ), that passed the House in Dec. ; the bill would give police more power to enforce immigration laws† (chicagotribune). Although it is not an issue for legislature yet, many illegal immigrant students cannot register for college because they do not have a social security number.In all, if the world wasn’t fighting over free public education for everyone, then the world’s children would continue attending class and would be safe in school and off the streets. In conclusion, some Republicans have portrayed illegal immigrants as â€Å"invaders, criminals, and as burdens to society† (nytimes). Each year the Border Patrol arrest more than a million illegal aliens who flagrantly violate our nation’s laws by unlawfully crossing U. S. borders, often with the aide and help of fraudulent documents.All in all, illegal immigrants do not contribute more than they cost because the millions in prison a nd on welfare aren’t contributing a dime to our economy and the ones who are working are often paid in cash without tax deductions. America has a way of bringing us in, welcoming us and allowing us to become a part of the whole. What’s more, illegal immigrants migrate for a better future, education and rights. Thus, the U. S. has taken on many races, religions, and nationalities and has made them one nation; America has always been a nation built upon immigrants.

Free Essays on Grasslands

The World of Grasslands looks at the three different contiguous prairies. It covers the tall grass, mixed grass, and the short grass prairies. This chapter also looks at the great decline of grasslands in much of their range. One of the main threats to grasslands looked at in this chapter is the exotic plants that have been introduced by cattle imported here from around the globe. Even though these exotic plants have caused a lot of damage, many of these efforts are reversible. At the start of this chapter the author explains his first experience in a prairies area. As he entered the big open prairie he said he had no idea what to expect. While he started walking in the knee-deep grass he looked out and saw that the prairie extended far beyond what he could see, beyond the curve of the earth. The Nebraska Sand Hills where he was walking, was covered with big and little bluestem, drop seed, and prairie sand reed. When the wind blew he said the prairie rolled like a stormy sea. The world of grasslands is the first topic looked at in this chapter. When trying to understand the true American grassland one must first think way beyond a common suburban lawn. In an undisturbed grassland in the Midwest there can be a hundred different types of grasses every foot. When looking at grasslands throughout the entire country there are over 7500 plant species. Like the forests and their species, each of these plants serves a special purpose in maintaining a healthy grassland. One of the ways that grasslands are maintained and survive is through diversity. Diversity in grasslands comes when you have various wildflowers bloom at different times. In a study conducted in Minnesota, during a drought, seven-eights of that particular biomass dies if it does not have species diversity. When you look back a the time when the prairies had buffalo running wild, the prairies was a system that grew, and continued to grow. Today we see pr... Free Essays on Grasslands Free Essays on Grasslands The World of Grasslands looks at the three different contiguous prairies. It covers the tall grass, mixed grass, and the short grass prairies. This chapter also looks at the great decline of grasslands in much of their range. One of the main threats to grasslands looked at in this chapter is the exotic plants that have been introduced by cattle imported here from around the globe. Even though these exotic plants have caused a lot of damage, many of these efforts are reversible. At the start of this chapter the author explains his first experience in a prairies area. As he entered the big open prairie he said he had no idea what to expect. While he started walking in the knee-deep grass he looked out and saw that the prairie extended far beyond what he could see, beyond the curve of the earth. The Nebraska Sand Hills where he was walking, was covered with big and little bluestem, drop seed, and prairie sand reed. When the wind blew he said the prairie rolled like a stormy sea. The world of grasslands is the first topic looked at in this chapter. When trying to understand the true American grassland one must first think way beyond a common suburban lawn. In an undisturbed grassland in the Midwest there can be a hundred different types of grasses every foot. When looking at grasslands throughout the entire country there are over 7500 plant species. Like the forests and their species, each of these plants serves a special purpose in maintaining a healthy grassland. One of the ways that grasslands are maintained and survive is through diversity. Diversity in grasslands comes when you have various wildflowers bloom at different times. In a study conducted in Minnesota, during a drought, seven-eights of that particular biomass dies if it does not have species diversity. When you look back a the time when the prairies had buffalo running wild, the prairies was a system that grew, and continued to grow. Today we see pr...

Euclid Essays (765 words) - Foundations Of Geometry, Euclid

Euclid Essays (765 words) - Foundations Of Geometry, Euclid Euclid Euclid is one of the most influential and best read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements, was the textbook of elementary geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians. Very little is known about the life of Euclid. Both the dates and places of his birth and death are unknown. It is believed that he was educated at Plato's academy in Athens and stayed there until he was invited by Ptolemy I to teach at his newly founded university in Alexandria. There, Euclid founded the school of mathematics and remained there for the rest of his life. As a teacher, he was probably one of the mentors to Archimedes. Personally, all accounts of Euclid describe him as a kind, fair, patient man who quickly helped and praised the works of others. However, this did not stop him from engaging in sarcasm. One story relates that one of his students complained that he had no use for any of the mathematics he was learning. Euclid quickly called to his slave to give the boy a coin because he must make gain out of what he learns. Another story relates that Ptolemy asked the mathematician if there was some easier way to learn geometry than by learning all the theorems. Euclid replied, There is no royal road to geometry and sent the king to study. Euclid's fame comes from his writings, especially his masterpiece Elements. This 13 volume work is a compilation of Greek mathematics and geometry. It is unknown how much if any of the work included in Elements is Euclid's original work; many of the theorems found can be traced to previous thinkers including Euxodus, Thales, Hippocrates and Pythagoras. However, the format of Elements belongs to him alone. Each volume lists a number of definitions and postulates followed by theorems, which are followed by proofs using those definitions and postulates. Every statement was proven, no matter how obvious. Euclid chose his postulates carefully, picking only the most basic and self-evident propositions as the basis of his work. Before, rival schools each had a different set of postulates, some of which were very questionable. This format helped standardize Greek mathematics. As for the subject matter, it ran the gamut of ancient thought. The subjects include: the transitive property, the Pythagorean theorem, algebraic identities, circles, tangents, plane geometry, the theory of proportions, prime numbers, perfect numbers, properties of positive integers, irrational numbers, 3-D figures, inscribed and circumscribed figures, LCD, GCM and the construction of regular solids. Especially noteworthy subjects include the method of exhaustion, which would be used by Archimedes in the invention of integral calculus, and the proof that the set of all prime numbers is infinite. Elements was translated into both Latin and Arabic and is the earliest similar work to survive, basically because it is far superior to anything previous. The first printed copy came out in 1482 and was the geometry textbook and logic primer by the 1700s. During this period Euclid was highly respected as a mathematician and Elements was considered one of the greatest mathematical works of all time. The publication was used in schools up to 1903. Euclid also wrote many other works including Data, On Division, Phaenomena, Optics and the lost books Conics and Porisms. Today, Euclid has lost much of the godlike status he once held. In his time, many of his peers attacked him for being too thorough and including self-evident proofs, such as one side of a triangle cannot be longer than the sum of the other two sides. Today, most mathematicians attack Euclid for the exact opposite reason that he was not thorough enough. In Elements, there are missing areas which were forced to be filled in by following mathematicians. In addition, several errors and questionable ideas have been found. The most glaring one deals with his fifth postulate, also known as the parallel postulate. The proposition states that for a straight line and a point not on the line, there is exactly one line that passes through the point parallel to the original line. Euclid was unable to prove this statement and needing it for his proofs, so he assumed it as true. Future mathematicians could not accept such a statement was unproveable and spent centuries looking for an answer. Only with the onset of non- Euclidean geometry, that replaces the statement

Introductory economics and finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introductory economics and finance - Essay Example In USA, almost two thirds of the total production is consumed by the individuals for personal use whereas only one third is consumed by the governments. The free enterprise believes that the private ownership is the best form of the economy because it is able to operate more competently than its counterpart. They believe that when the economic forces are free to act, the supply and the demand of the product intersect to arrive at a competent price. At the same time, this intersection of demand and supply predicts the quantity of production. When the consumers demand more of a product then the economy is producing, the price of the respective good increases. This chance for profitability calls in for more organizations to produce the similar good. At the same time, when the supply of the good in the economy is more than the demand, the price falls as a result. Most of the organizations exit due to the decreasing profitability. Therefore, the market economy operates efficiently followi ng the market forces and reflecting on the wishes of the people (Samuelson, 1998). But there is too much freedom with no regulations that causes the problems and does not make it s viable form of economy for the allocation of resources. On the other hand, the socialist economy is more portrayed by the high state ownership and central planning. The economists believe that this form of the economy is less efficient because it does not reflect on the market forces or the price changes. In this form of economy, the means of the production are owned by the state and the workers. It focuses on ones capacity to produce and wants. Basically, it aspires to provide for more equitability in the economy (Samuelson, 1998). With no economic benefit to the individuals, the people are less efficient and unstable. It also breeds incompetence in the economy that will cause it lose in the long. At the same time, the state benefits call for unannounced immigrants and cause stagnation in the economy.

Health Policy and the Federal Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Policy and the Federal Government - Essay Example The congress is also tasked with the implementation of programs such as the Medicare and veterans administration. It also serves to ascertain that the various institutes of health research receive enough funding and support. The Congress also ought to mull over Medicaid and consider its funding sources (McLaughlin, 2008). The Congress has instituted committees that are tasked with the implementations of health programs and policies based on their specific needs. Various commissions perform functions that include standardizing, devising programs, financial control and supervision of the implementation. The Senate and the House of Representatives form the Congress. The Senate comprises of 100 members, two members from every state while the House of Representatives comprises of 435 members (McLaughlin, 2008). The duration of their term in office differs since the term of Senators expires after six years, while the House of representative members only last for two years. Both houses have four committees each, mandated with the task of deliberating on health issues. Since these houses have dissimilar times in office, the tasks of these committees also differ. Both houses make up eight committees that possess diverse expertise on health issues. Such representatives’ core task is to draft bills based on the appeals of the people, and forward them to the congressional clerk for consideration. The pertinent committee then takes up these opinions and creates motions that deliberate on various changes, through careful consultations. The clerk then conducts a poll and the draft passes the other house for further deliberation and final approval (Holtz, 2008). The bill then sets off to the president who finally ascends it into law. Eight steps form the core part of the legislation. Identifying the problem is the initial stage of

Human-Resource Manager Interview Report Assignment

Human-Resource Manager Interview Report - Assignment Example The variables that influence his roles substantially include the store’s formulation of HR initiatives. Emphasizing that the structure of the store was determined by the number of employees, the interviewee expressly noted that the store and his roles employ a HR generalist outlook to administer its HR function areas for the business unit and the different employee teams (Conaty and Charan 34). In responding to the question on the structure of the business, and his office, specifically, he insisted that he prefer HR project teams for the different duties and the initiatives of the store, because they increased the accountability of employees. In a generalized way, he noted that there was limited reliance on cross-functional teams, which are often virtual, and where the HR plays the dominant role. Further, he noted that his office is designed in a way that explores and engages the other functions of the store, because that helps in making better team-based decisions (Conaty and Charan 74). The roles and the responsibilities of the interviewee – according to them – vary from day to day. The interviewee noted that everyday is a fully-engaged workload, where they engage in any or many of the following roles: employee hiring, employee training, reviewing and managing employee relations and firing employees for different reasons. Other roles and responsibilities revolve around the management of employee benefits, payroll review and management, administering employee follow-up and participating in organization-wide decision making meetings (Conaty and Charan 34). Above these roles and responsibilities, the interviewee reviews the human resources, to ensure that they have the required employees, and planning recruitment, where there are gaps. The officer engages in the 45-day review of new employees, together with the departmental managers, which helps improve their orientation and training. The greatest challenge to the HR manager and the organization as a who le is the management of the daily work load. This is a major area of a challenge for the interviewee; because he has to prioritize on the work to be done first, out of the huge load, and delegating other duties to departmental managers and staffs (Conaty and Charan 123). For example, he noted that, in the cases where there is a shortage of sales people, or an employee calls for a sick-leave. He is tasked with the challenge of finding a replacement that can meet the needs of the vacant office. The case becomes more challenging, when they have to call in, employees who are taking their off-days, because many of them are, usually, not willing to accept the duty. Hiring is also a challenge for the officer, because getting wrong candidates for the job can be disastrous to its progress. The most difficult decision they made, while working in the store, was that of reducing the bonuses offered to sales people and the employees in general. Following a detailed outlook of the financial posit ion of the business during the past six months, they had reviewed the financial outlook on the business, and noted that the profitability of the business was being adversely affected by the bonus plans (Conaty and Charan 44). The difficulty in the decision was major, because it was likely to force some employees to leave the business, and many others to lose morale and motivation. The interviewee reported that they liked the roles and the responsibilities of motivating their staffs, training new employees and allocating bonuses and other rewards to the employees. They noted that they liked that aspect, because it helps in tapping the full potential of the staffs. The areas that they dislike for the job are that of

Entrepreneurship Homework Format Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneurship Homework Format Essay List up three success factors for Malincho up to today, and explain the details. 1. The very first success factor for Malincho would be considered is the creative idea of importing feta cheese. Kalin understood clearly consumers’ psychology who live far away from their home country and were craving for â€Å"a taste of home†. He believed that this would be a high-profitable business if he operated it in the States. 2. The second factor contributing to this success is the power of willingness, determination and solidarity. The business would have been failed if Kalin gave up after several obstacles coming to him such as starting up as a deep debt, repacking the damaged cheese or maintaining pricing structure. However, he was still determined and patient until the very end. It was not only Kalin’s effort but also his friends’ support and well-cooperation that brought his entrepreneurship to a new stage. 3. Finally, it was very smart of Kalin to come up with simple way of promoting his products as well as nice service strategy for customers. In detail, Kalin made full use of word-of-mouth method to spread out his business and finally got free advertising by appearing on USA Today. Additionally, in order to ensure customers’ worries when purchasing online products, he used properly the very simple inventory printout and the flexible payment method with either check or credit card. In short, Kalin paid a lot of attention to consumers’ psychology to provide best products for them. Answer to the â€Å"Preparation Questions on page 48 in Chapter.1 1. ( â€Å"Timomon’s entrepreneurship framework† is described in Ch. 2 on page 57) From my point of view, under the Timmons entrepreneurship framework, his success is based on many factors.

Mothers That Work Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Effects of Working Mothers on their Children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One mother expresses her personal experience and opinion on the effects of her employment on the children â€Å"I am happy to see support for the mom who wants to work outside of the home. By my children seeing me go to work, I am teaching them the values of hard work, commitment, and responsibility. I am also showing them that mothers and fathers share in all responsibilities of raising a family, financial and housework. There is no doubt in either my mind or my child’s that the first priority is each other. Out times together are positive. I have seen too many stay at home moms yelling at their children and worse, the children yelling at their mothers. I do not think this is the message that stay at home moms like to give. Their lives are now more enriched, never been happier, and that they are more fulfilled. Actually, I think a lot of stay at home moms justify their laziness and lack of ambition by saying they are staying at home for the benefit of the children† (abcnews.com 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many years women have believed that if they returned to work after having children, their children would be harmed by the lack of a mother’s presence. This belief is no longer true. Studies have shown, â€Å"Despite the declining population of young people, the number and proportion of children with working mothers rose steadily during the past decade† (Kamerman 13). In fact, â€Å"1979 was the first time more U.S. children lived in families with a mother in the labor force than in families with a mother who was a full-time homemaker† (Kamerman 13). Mothers no longer have to worry; they are free to choose the career path they want to follow. Mothers can make this decision with confidence because experts believe that a mother who works has a positive effect on her children. Children with mothers in the workforce are taught responsibility, independence, the importance of an education, and also social skills that are acquired from day-care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are still a few experts that argue children are negatively effected by the absence of their mother. They believe that this absence can cause an attachment disorder. Some also report that the lack of their mother can make it harder for a mother and child to form an effective relationship. A recent study suggested ... ...dvantage of group care is the friendships that children develop with their peers during the care. One expert observed that children’s â€Å"contacts with each other often develop a sibling-like quality† (Webb 43). Some children involved in this study even went to one another’s homes to have dinner, to play on weekends, and occasionally, to stay for the night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mother who works as a professional has an extremely different influence on her children than one who works in a less intellectually demanding job or one who does not work at all. Children learn from the environment and the people that they are exposed to in life, especially in the early stages. When children are exposed to hard working parents it helps them to appreciate the value of responsibility and independence. The importance of a good education is immeasurable and is also a necessity for a child to grow into a prosperous adult. Another important factor that affects a child is the day care environment that the child is exposed to on a daily basis. A good day care provider can teach a child many skills. A child can also learn from the other children that they spend many hours with in day care.

Candide :: essays research papers

Candide Voltaire's Candide is a novel which contains enlightmenet and at the same time is also exaggerated. Voltaire offers disguised by jokes and sarcisam, and the story itself presents a distinctive outlook on life in the 1700’s. The crucial contrast in the story deals with irrational ideas as taught to Candide about being optimistic, versus reality as viewed by the rest of the world. The main theme that I got out of reading Candide is optimism. Out of every unfortunate situation in the story, Candide, the main character, has been advised by his philosopher-teacher that everything in the world happens for the better, because "Private misfortunes contribute to the general good, so that the more private misfortunes there are, the more we find that all is well". As Candide grows up whenever something unfortunate happens Pangloss would turn the situation around, bringing out the good in it. Candide learns that optimism is "The passion for maintaining that all is right when all goes wrong ". Candide also believes that he could make the world a better place by spreading his theories on optimism. One could say that Pangloss is an irrational figure, and Voltaire tries to expose how incomprehensible his beliefs are which do not measure up to reality. It is possible, however, that all along, deep down inside, Candide doubted the philosophies of his teacher because of his exposure to immorality in the real world. For example, Candide witnessed the public hanging of two Portuguese Jews simply because they refused to eat bacon for dinner.It was occurrences like these which demonstrated the inhumanity that one person can do to another, leading Candide to disbelieve Pangloss' philosophies. Cunegonde, the object of Candide's affections, wa s thought dead by Candide but she had really been raped and sold into slavery.

Inflation and Pestle Analysis

Pestle Analysis A pestle analysis is one of the most popular and effective methods of analysing the external macroeconomic factors that could impact on a business within a specific industry. Commonly, a pestle analysis will be used alongside other analyses that focus on internal factors. The combination of the pestle analysis with other factors will allow a company to create a strategic management plan of how to move its business forward in a way that maximises the opportunities available to it, externally.A pestle analysis comprises of six factors, namely political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental. The latter two have been recent additions to the pestle analysis (formerly known as pest) and reflect the growing importance of the environment and regulation to companies across all industries. Pestle Analysis – Political Political issues as part of the pestle analysis include all sorts of factors that normally derive from the government in the for m of policies or legislation.For the purposes of the pestle analysis of a self-employed beautician, there is little in the way of trade restrictions and tariffs to be concerned about. With the government currently encouraging parents (and specifically single parents) back to work the beauty industry should see a growing number of workers available. As peak times generally evenings and weekends, this could certainly fall in line with the political drive to encourage mothers back to work as this would be the times where alternative childcare would not be available.Pestle Analysis – Economic The pestle analysis then goes on to look at the economic impact on beauty industry. Key areas for the pestle analysis include inflation rates, interest rates and general economic conditions. The Beauty therapies are usually considered luxury products; therefore, when there is an economic downturn, the number of customers is likely to reduce. Where individuals have less disposable income due to high inflation levels, they will be less inclined to spend money on luxuries.The current economic climate is relatively weak and individuals are not feeling sufficiently wealthy to spend large amounts of their income on beauty treatments. As the pestle analysis has indicated, this to be a particular threat to the beauty industry and this should be something that management looks at mitigating. Typically, this could include reduction in costs and enhanced services for clients. Pestle Analysis – Social When conducting a pestle analysis on beauty therapy, the area of socio-culture presents a much more positive outlook.This part of the pestle analysis considers demographics such as age and wealth as well as issues including career aspirations and general interest in beauty issues. In this case, the beauty industry is doing extremely well. With a growing number of young women carving lucrative careers, there is an increasing demand for beauty therapy. Not only are greater numbe rs of younger individuals earning good wages, but the grey pound is also increasing in strength. There is a growing demand from older people for beauty treatments and an increasing ability by these individuals to be able to afford such treatments.These changing demands have led to substantial diversification and new opportunities within the beauty industry. Pestle Analysis – Technological On the face of it, technological developments may not appear to be particularly relevant to a beauty business. However, in conducting a more detailed pestle analysis, it becomes clear that the beauty industry as it stands has relatively high barriers to entry by virtue of the level of expertise and technology required. As established in the earlier part of the pestle analysis, consumers are becoming more demanding and experimental in the area of beauty therapy.As such, there is a growing need for beauty treatments to ensure not only that they have the latest technology, but also that beautic ians are trained to use such equipment. Whilst basic beauticians may find that they are not prohibited from entering the market by virtue of their lack of technology, the pestle analysis in relation to socio-cultural issues has shown that in order to establish a truly competitive position, companies will have to offer the latest technology and a wide range of options.Pestle Analysis – Legal When looking at the beauty industry from a pestle point of view, it is not surprising that health and safety legislation is both plentiful and restrictive. It is necessary for all beauticians to comply with the basic health and safety regulations, but they should also pay attention to treatment specific requirements. All beauticians will have to be suitably qualified. Insurance will have to be maintained and all necessary employment law provisions complied with.As the workforce is likely to be largely part time and possibly even self-employed, attention will have to be paid to ensure that the correct taxes and paperwork requirements are complied with. Pestle Analysis – Environmental The issue of environmental factors has only just been added to the pestle analysis in a bid to recognise how important this factor can be to the success of a business. Traditionally, in the pestle analysis, a company would consider the environmental issues with which it must comply.In the case of a beauty therapy, this is largely likely to be in relation to dangerous substances such as massage oils and cleaning chemicals. However, a slightly different approach which the pestle analysis reveals is that the environment could, in fact, bring opportunities to a beauty therapy with a growing demand for organic and natural products. Many consumers (as previously analysed in the pestle analysis) will pay a premium for natural products and, as such, being seen to be environmentally friendly will not only ensure regulatory compliance, but may also encourage more customers at a higher value.

women on television essays

women on television essays The quality of American television has become a national disgrace. Young women in America who are displeased with their appearance more likely then not can trace those feelings directly back to images from the media on television. The unrealistic representations of women that the media bombards young women with indicates that the television has become a source for a distorted understanding of gender roles among adolescent women. These images warp young women's views of their own gender identity. The media on television should in an attempt to provide more positive gender identities for adolescent women depict women on television in more realistic ways, should stop reinforcing negative stereotypes of women, and stop portraying women as sex objects in advertising. Television is unrepresentative of the real world. Since most major directors on television are males, they depict a world, which agrees with their concepts of society on television. Young women see women in roles on television as being submissive to men or as not as intelligent as men are. For example, the case of the female mayor on the comedy shows South Park. She went to Princeton, yet she makes moronic decisions for the town and flagrantly poses for photos. The media should show positive roles that young women could identify with and imitate positive behavior from strong female role models. Television besieges women with portrayals of old women fearing the youth of young women. The result of these images is that these ideas create competition among women and divides women. The media should also be aware of the images of women depicted since young women in other countries also see the American television. In developing countries television ownership is rising and as much as sev enty one percent of television programming is from more affluent countries . Equally important would be to stop reinforcing negative stereotypes of women on tele ...